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A request can time out after the server created a payment. Retrying blindly would charge twice. Send an Idempotency-Key header and the retry replays the original response instead of running again.
Optional, but recommended on every state-changing POST · a duplicated debit is the one mistake a retry can make that the buyer notices. Use a UUID v4: one per logical operation, reused on retry.

Behaviour

5xx responses are not cached: the key is released so you can retry. 2xx and 4xx are cached.

Scope

Not the same as externalRef

Idempotency-Key is a per-request token that deduplicates a retried HTTP call, and expires in 24 h. externalRef is your business reference (an order id) · it can appear on several payments and never deduplicates anything.